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Farmers as Critical Innovators in CA Ecology and Practice

Practicing the principles of CA²⁹, namely:

• continuous minimal mechanical soil disturbance;
• permanent organic soil cover;
• diversified crop rotations & plant associations;
• integration of livestock, green manure cover crops and integrated pest management,

requires on-farm experimentation, validation of external information and local learning from personal experience that critically requires and builds the competence and confidence of farmers and the independence of communities.